For the last coupe of weeks I had this weird behavior that whenever I deleted a message from my Google Workspace inbox through Apple Mail on Mac, these messages never disappeared from the web interface. And after fetching new messages, they also crept back into Apple Mail.
Looking into the account settings, I saw that the Trash Mailbox had somehow been set to None. After changing it back to [Gmail]/Bin, deleting messages worked again as expected. Also, I had to change it back twice until the setting sticked (hopefully 🤞).